Europe continues to rely on wood pellets for electricity generation. A significant portion of these pellets reaches power plants via cargo ships from North America. In 2023, the EU consumed approximately 24.5 million tons of pellets and imported 4.89 million tons—primarily from the USA and Canada. In 2024, EU imports stood at 4.48 million tons; of this total, around 1.90 million tons crossed the Atlantic from the USA. In 2025, the United Kingdom alone burned 9.6 million tons of imported pellets. The climate footprint remains a critical issue, as forest harvesting, processing, drying, port logistics, maritime transport, and combustion all generate emissions. At the same time, wood pellets continue to be officially classified as renewable energy.
The Atlantic Becomes an Energy Artery for Biomass
The European pellet market relies heavily on seaports. Western Europe, in particular, utilizes supply chains spanning the Atlantic, where large cargo vessels can be unloaded directly. Furthermore, many power plants are situated in close proximity to port facilities and railway lines.
The supply chain begins in the USA and Canada. Wood is collected, chipped, dried, and compressed. Subsequently, trucks or trains transport the pellets to export terminals. This is followed by shipping across thousands of kilometers.
The UK Remains the Largest Importer
This reliance on imports is particularly evident in the UK. The country ranks among the largest consumers of wood pellets globally. For 2024, the market projected imports of 9.64 million tons. At the same time, consumption was expected to rise to 9.85 million tons.
Domestic production plays only a minor role there; in 2024, it stood at approximately 219,000 tons. Consequently, the industrial energy sector meets almost its entire demand through imports. Furthermore, substantial quantities originate from the USA.
EU Remains Dependent Despite Declining Imports
The EU, too, remains reliant on foreign supplies. In 2023, 4.89 million tons of wood pellets were imported from third countries. In 2024, this volume dropped to 4.48 million tons. Nevertheless, the import market remains substantial.
In 2024, the USA continued to be the most important supplier. However, its share fell from 59 to 42 percent. In absolute terms, the volume from the US declined to approximately 1.90 million tons. At the same time, Brazil and Asian suppliers gained in importance. (KOB)