In the Königseiche wind farm near Baiereck in the district of Göppingen, two wind turbines have been operating under restricted conditions since early May, following measurements taken on the night of March 13–14 that detected distinct humming noises. Although statutory noise limits were met, expert assessors identified an intrusive tonal quality in the sound. These specific noise components had been triggering complaints from local residents for months. Consequently, a curtailment of the turbines—mandated by the authorities—is now being implemented during periods of stronger wind. (swr: 11.05.26)
Humming Noises Despite Compliance with Limit Values
Measurements were conducted at three locations in the vicinity of Baiereck. Two of the measurement points were situated directly adjacent to a residential home on Brunnenstraße; there, specialists recorded noise levels in the garden and outside an open window. Additionally, a third location situated outside the residential area was utilized for technical assessment purposes.
The measured noise levels remained below the permissible limits set by the TA Lärm (Technical Instructions on Noise Protection). Nevertheless, experts detected distinct frequency components at higher wind speeds. Many people perceive such sounds as a humming or droning noise. Consequently, mere compliance with the regulatory limits is insufficient in this case to resolve the conflict.
Operator Must Curtail Wind Turbines During Stronger Winds
Since May 8, the two turbines have been scaled back whenever wind speeds exceed nine meters per second. This corresponds to approximately 32 kilometers per hour. This range also roughly corresponds to a wind force of 5 on the Beaufort scale. This measure is intended to prevent the disruptive noise components from becoming clearly audible again.
The operator and manufacturer are also currently evaluating technical modifications to the wind turbines. The aim is to find a permanent solution to the problematic noise issues. Following any potential structural modifications, new noise emission measurements are to be conducted. Only then will the authorities be able to determine whether unrestricted operation can be resumed.
Königseiche Wind Farm Remains a Subject of Conflict
The debate surrounding the Königseiche wind farm has been ongoing for months. The turbines went online at the end of December 2024. Shortly thereafter, residents of Baiereck reported nocturnal humming sounds and low-frequency tones. Consequently, local protests quickly intensified.
A technical issue with the turbines is now considered a possible cause. Previous investigations had already led to maintenance work being carried out on the wind turbines; nevertheless, the noise problem persisted. At the same time, Baiereck’s location within a valley is coming under increased scrutiny, as it could potentially amplify certain frequencies.
For the residents, the outcome of the technical remediation efforts is now the primary concern. Technically speaking, the wind turbines comply with official noise limits. However, measurements indicate that specific tonal components can still cause significant disturbance. As a result, this case is becoming a litmus test for how wind power facilities are managed in close proximity to sensitive residential areas.